Heat Treatment

Normalization is a heat treatment process applied to provide steel with a homogeneous, fine-grained, and predictable microstructure. This process improves the mechanical properties of the material and minimizes internal stresses that may occur after production.

It is generally applied to carbon steels and low-alloy steels after forging, hot rolling, or casting processes. This enhances the machinability of the material and ensures its structural stability.

The resulting hardness value after normalization varies depending on the cross-sectional thickness of the steel and the applied cooling rate. Typically, these values range between 100 – 250 HB (Brinell Hardness).